are aqueous extracts of herbal combinations. They are generally used internally but may also be used for cleaning wounds and ulers or poured over certain parts of the body or as enema.

are prepared by adding sugar or jaggery and powders of herbs to to kashayams and concentrating them. They are semi-solid in nature and are used internally.

They are medicated forms of ghee prepared by boiling ghee along with aqueous extracts or juices of herbs and powders of herbs. They are generally used internally or in some cases externally as well. Ghritams form a very effective means to deliver medicines to areas of the body that can be penetrated only by fat soluble materials.

are similar to ghritams with the main difference that they are prepared out of oils like Seseme oil, coconut oil, mustard oil, neem oil etc. They are generally used externally for massage on the body, head etc, but some of the tailams are also used internally. Tailams are also used for enema (Vasthi) and for nasal application (Nasyam).

are plain powders of herbal combinations. They are used internally and well as externally based on the combination of herbs.

are combinations of aqueous extracts and powders ground into fine paste for particle size reduction. They are now converted into tablets.

are fermented formulations prepared by fermentation of aqueous extracts added with sugary materials and powders of herbs with volatile principles. They are used internally only.